Manchild in the Promised Land free essay sample

This book is based on Claude browns childhood during the 1940’s and 1950’s. is childhood was very bizarre and highly stressful in my opinion. he doesn’t really know what he wants in life. There are a lot of bad influences around him and unfortunately he does get dragged into a lot of things where a young boy shouldn’t be. Sonny was someone that didn’t exactly know his place but he had a whole bunch of friends such as: Butch, Danny, Turk, and others, which got sonny into stealing, bunking school and he was no younger than 8 years old. Sonny got into many fights because according to adults if a boy could fight he was going to make it in the world. When sonny was growing up he would always be in and out of different â€Å"juvenile detention centers†. They were like a second home to him, but he leaned a lot in those places. We will write a custom essay sample on Manchild in the Promised Land or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He meant a lot of friends and also was introduced to the importance of an education. he would always get beat by his father for stealing, bunking and being disrespectful. Sonny got into drugs and when he got to that age it was all he did along with beat boxing and thinking of girls and more. Sonny’s family life was very hectic; him and his father were not close. His parents were both country folk so it was very hard for sonny to talk to them when he being a city boy had to hear talking about â€Å"lynching† and all that sorts. Sonny’s mother was very careful about her kids, she cared for them like any mother would but and it killed her o know her son was out smoking weed, bunking school and stealing. Sonny had 2 sisters and a brother, his sisters were named Carole and Margie and his brother was Pimp. Sonny and his sisters were close but as he grew up their relatioship suffered. Pimp was sonnys younger brother so ofcourse he looked up to him but sonny was always introuble so he didn’t get to help pimp understand right from wrong, pimp learned it on his own, although he didn’t go into the right direction exactly. This book has a lot of â€Å"details† and a lot went on but most of all it was about sonny and how things alwas got bad, and he realized he needed to do better for himself. He got into school, and moved out of his neighborhood so the â€Å"suburbs† of town. He had a lot of downs in his lifefrom friends passing away from drug abuse to him falling in love with a jewish girl and having his skin color be the reason she gets taken away, but he also learnes true love coquers all. claude brown is one of those people that although their luves may have had a lot of bitter things happen they aways manage to sweeten it up and make something out oif themselves. They use the bad to highlight the good. I find that very admirable.

Civil Movements Discrimination and Its Consequences

Civil Movements Discrimination and Its Consequences Introduction Since time in memorial, different groups of people in human history have received varied treatment based on their gender, race and ethnicity. This means that some injustices and inequalities exist in various parts of the world. In this regard, human rights groups and civil movements have emerged to challenge the existing social structure and social arrangements that segregate some members of society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Civil Movements: Discrimination and Its Consequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By definition, civil liberties are those rights that a person should be allowed to exercise without restriction. In other words, they are natural and granted naturally. The UN charter states that individuals must exercise their rights without state intervention. Conversely, state sovereignty is incompatible with individual freedoms and rights. In the United States, the constitution a llows people to participate in public activities without discrimination based on either race or gender. The constitution was amended to suit the desires and wishes of the majority. After the American Civil War, the US government came up with laws that would bar some states from exercising political injustices as regards to voting and electioneering process in general. Various groups have stood up firmly to demand for their rights, including the 1960s civil groups. Even though the US constitution and various acts of congress condemn discrimination and injustice, various groups are still faced with a problem of domination and sub-ordination in key sectors of the economy. Few people control the means of production while men own the majority of societal wealth. Some groups such as women and the youths are not incorporated in political processes as equal partners. Their roles are not clearly defined, which leaves something to be desired. This article addresses the problem of discriminati on and its consequences. This would be an attempt to explain the existing injustices in various sectors of the economy and in the society generally. Synopsis of the Problem The main problems that breed injustices in the American society are male patriarchy, unequal economic relations (capitalism), political participation and racial discrimination. The three problems are closely related in that one affects the other. The black race and women are more affected because their culture is never respected.Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, they are the proletariat meaning that the bourgeoisie uses them in acquiring power and material possessions. Women are always relegated to the private domain of the home while the black race is forced to work for the white race in order to make a living (Azevedo 54). The unequal relation between men and women and b etween the blacks and whites is a major problem that concerns the civil movements. In fact, the majority of civil groups are formed to address the problem of unequal distribution of wealth and the position of women and the blacks in society. It is noted that the blacks were shipped from Africa in the 16th to 19th centuries to work for the white race. This implies that they were treated in the same way as stocks. Human beings were elements that could be used in trade, just as gold, silver and coffee. Slaves went through unpalatable conditions while in the hands of white masters. They could be beaten, overworked, harassed sexually and in extreme cases, exterminated. Africans could not tolerate these conditions, which forced them to engage whites and the government in conflicts in order to free themselves. They formed various civil groups that would liberate them from the house of bondage. The civil movements were formed in various places within the country but the major ones were crea ted in 1960s. The civil groups gave Africans and other neglected groups a chance to articulate their issues. Through the groups, various reforms were made, including constitutional amendments. The civil organizations were first controlled by the government but were later on allowed to operate as private entities. Most groups were controlled by religious organizations and faiths. Maulana Karenga observes that the major aim of civil groups was to break down impediments that affected socio-political and economic participation within the US society (185). The organizations intended to remove penalties and societal barriers that segregated people based on race and gender. Africans in America had tried to gain political and economic freedom for over a century, being traced back to the Civil War. This means that in American history, blacks have never enjoyed their freedoms as regards to political participation such as voting for preferred candidates, being voted for, being appointed to key government positions and being involved in governmental decision-making. In the economic front, they were included in the financial system as underdogs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Civil Movements: Discrimination and Its Consequences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though Africans were making some progress pertaining to their rights and freedoms, the southerners had formulated stricter rules and regulations that could not allow blacks to interact freely in society. The southerners perpetually subjugated and oppressed the civil society. This means that people were not allowed to assemble or move freely. In the south, Africans could not access equal opportunities in terms of education and social interaction. Public services such as schools, hospitals and other recreational facilities were not available to Africans. Racial discrimination was practiced in all parts of the country. For instance, those indi viduals who escaped from the south encountered similar problems elsewhere. The society had an issue with the black race because no one appreciated the fact that each person has an equal opportunity in life. The south implemented unpopular laws, which were oppressive in nature. They were referred to as Crow’s laws. It is evident that the society disliked the black race. The police implemented the law separately. Strict measures were applied to Africans while the whites were favored in many occasions. In the labor market, blacks never feared any better. They were allocated inferior jobs and were subjected to poor working conditions, without proper housing policies. White citizens harassed blacks but the law enforcement agencies never acted to avert the situation. Blacks were subjected to public beating or were arrested without proper reason in case found intermingling with the whites. Achievements of Civil Movements Africans in America managed to change some policies that infri nged on their rights and freedoms. Unity is one of the factors that helped Africans since they would act as an entity but not as individuals. This ensured that they were not victimized and harassed. The first break through was witnessed in 1909 when the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed. The organization was formed in response to the 1908 riots that occurred in Illinois State. The organization aimed at improving the lifestyles of Africans by condemning racial segregation. However, as Maulana Karenga puts it, the movement was ineffective because it was controlled by the white race. This means that it could not apply techniques such as violent rioting meaning that it was not militant. To some extent, the movement managed to put off repressive Crow’s laws that permitted the lynching of Africans in public places. The activities of blacks were boosted in 1950s when the high court decided that laws discriminating blacks be put off.Adverti sing Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the education front, the court rejected the south’s move to have a separate educational curriculum for white and black students. It can be concluded that NAACP managed to convince the government to allow Africans to vote. This played a key role in abolishing segregation and racial violence. Another important achievement was witnessed in 1956 when rioters stormed the streets demanding for equal representation and freedom of movement. The protests took place at Montgomery Bus station where the blacks decided to change the seating arrangements, which was also racially segregated. For a long time, the rights of blacks had been infringed because they were not allowed to decide where to seat when travelling. Africans decided not to use bus services and opted for other means of transportation for over a year. This was a blow to the whites. Whites had no option but to grant independence to black passengers. The achievements at Montgomery encouraged other blacks to take part in the same inconsistencies hence granting Africans more powers all over the country. Civil movements were transformed with the emergency of leaders such as Martin Luther king Jr. The leader was very dynamic as regards to political activities in the entire US. Luther King ensured that blacks made a progress in the political field. The activist was involved in the Montgomery bus strike and other important activities that followed. In particular, he contributed in the establishment of the southern Christian Leadership. In 1963, he participated in a peaceful demonstration that serves as an icon to the activities of the civil groups. It was at the same time that he gave a famous speech titled ‘I have a dream’. The contents of the speech inspired so many people in the entire US. Luther King was one of the best orators since he commanded a high respect among both whites and blacks. During the Washington demonstration, he led a group that consisted of over 250, 0000 people. The 1963 demonstration wanted the government to check on police brutality, segregation in public schools and provision of an effective job program. Africans had no jobs, apart from being harassed by the police. It is unfair to mention civil movements in the US without describing the efforts of Martin Luther King Jr. He was rewarded with a noble peace prize due to his incomparable contributions to the activities of civil organizations. Martin Luther King ensured that each person was allowed to exercise his or her right without state intervention. Problems Encountered One of the major problems was resistance from whites and government. The activities of blacks were interpreted as a direct violation of law. The police could frequently corner African leaders and harass them thoroughly. Whites ridiculed Africans, terming them as failures. It was very difficult for Africans to convince other races that each person had a right and a role to play in society. During the development of the movement, Africans were perpetually denied services such as shopping. This implies that whites could not sell anything to Africans. In other words, the civil movements had no government support. They had to fight it alone, which proved to be tricky. Furthermore, Africans had no resources to be utilized in coordinating their activities. Calling for mass action demands capital. However, Africans soldiered on with their efforts despite lacking enough capital (Jacob 90). For feminist civil movements, the major problem was unity. Women were not united because their objectives were not uniform. Black women were much concerned about living standards and improvement of social services such as healthcare, medication, childcare services and food security. On the other hand, academic feminists wanted the state to recognize academic literature formulated by women. They proposed that feminist courses should be incorporated in the national curricula. In this field, feminine courses are currently offered in various institutions of higher learning. White feminism wanted the government to institute laws that could provide them with equal opportunities. They were also concerned about domestic violence where women were forced to have sex with their male counterparts. Conflict of interests could be singled out as the major problem encountered by women in their quest to freedom (McPherson 89). Conclusion Overall, the civil rights movements have helped black people and other minorities achieve their dreams and goals. The civil groups insist that an individual has the right to do as he or she wishes as long as he or she does not violate the law. In this regard, each person has the potential to fulfill his or her wishes. The state should only act as a means to individual fulfillment. This has seen many blacks participate in elections actively. It is not surprising that the current US president is a black. This is highly attributable to the activities of civil movements since independence. Howe ver, racial and gender discrimination is still eminent in society. However, more needs to be done to eliminate the problem. Azevedo, Joaquim. Africana studies: a survey of Africa and the African Diaspora. 3rd ed. Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2005. Web. Jacob, Harriet. Incidents in the life of a slave girl. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2007. Print. Karenga, Maulana. Introduction to Black studies. 2nd ed. Michigan: University of Sankore Press, 2010. Web. McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford: Pulitzer Prize, 2003. Print.

Challenger Essays - Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, Free Essays

Challenger Essays - Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster, Free Essays Challenger It was a cold, crisp, and damp morning on the Florida Space Coast as the space shuttle Challenger raced through the sky at speeds approaching mach 2 at an altitude of 104,000 feet when something went perilously wrong. All of America watched, including the family members of the seven doomed crew members, as Challenger exploded into an expansive ball of fire, smoke and steam. An "Oh. . . no!" came as the crew?s final utterance from the shuttle as the orbiter broke-up. As the reality of what she was seeing became apparent, Pilot Michael John Smith?s daughter, 9 year old Erin Smith, could be heard yelling, "Daddy! Daddy! I want you, Daddy! You promised nothing would happen!" Unfortunately, the events of that tragic day could have been easily prevented. Weather had been the main cause for five delays during the last month. The launch had been carried out in spite on the fact that weather was the worst it had ever been in NASA?s history of manned space flight. With so many ! delays encountered in that twenty-fifth shuttle mission, NASA had become careless in getting Challenger on its way. As Challenger sat on the pad awaiting it?s ill-fated mission, there were signs that there was something wrong with the Right hand SRB (Solid Rocket Booster). Nevertheless these signs were ignored by a neglectful staff whose only concern was scheduling and not safety. Also, at the time of the accident, for purely monetary reasons, the shuttle had not been fitted with a means of escape for the crew in the case of an emergency; a fact not revealed until after the accident. Though the Space shuttle was the cutting edge of technology at the time, new advancements in technology make the Space Shuttle old, unsafe, inefficient, and not cost effective. However, because of cut backs in funding, NASA is unable to make any advancements in it?s technology to prevent another catastrophic accident for the space program. Also as a result of the cut backs, NASA has had tro! uble keeping the existing space shuttles? hardware kept up. The effects of the accident were numerous; the space program was shut down for three years. Also the effects on the NASA staff were immense, leaving a feeling of guilt and fear. On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger and it?s crew embarked on a mission to broaden educational horizons and promote the advancement of scientific knowledge; their mission was cut short in one of the most tragic and most easily prevented tragedies in America?s history in space. Before the accident, the 51-L (This mission?s assigned number) mission was supposed to be remembered for many reasons. One reason was that this was to be the twenty-fifth space shuttle mission. Another reason was that this was to be the first shuttle launch from pad 39-b which hadn?t been used since the Apollo missions. However, The major reason was this was to be the first crew to include a civilian member. Sharon Chista McAuliffe was chosen from a pool of 11,400 applicants. McAuliffe, 37, was a social studies teacher in Concord High School in New Hampshire. While in space, she planned to still teach two lessons entitled, "Where we?ve been, where we?re going, why?", to her class. Then, at T plus 1:13, the mission and its crew became remembered for other, more disastrous reasons. An O-ring in the right SRB shattered in the extreme cold and began allowing liquid hydrogen to leak then explode incinerating the seven crew members, destroying the valuable payload, and bring! ing the space program to a halt for nearly three years. America listened a long ten seconds before "?the commentary was resumed in a tense monotone"(Lewis, p21); "Flight Controllers are looking very carefully at the situation. Obviously a major malfunction. We have no downlink. We have a report from the flight dynamics officer that the vehicle has exploded. The flight director confirms that. We are looking at checking with recovery forces to see what can be done at this point. Contingency procedures are in effect. We will report more as we have information available?"(Lewis, p21) "Major Malfunction", a phrase that stuck with everyone watching the launch that day. Although later, flight commentator Nesbit would be

Idioms and Expressions - Draw

Idioms and Expressions - Draw Here are  idioms with the verb  draw  in English. For each idiom, study the definition and read the example sentences.  Next, take the quiz to check your knowledge of what youve learned.  To learn more idioms, you can also use  short stories providing idioms in context. Draw a Blank Use draw a blank  to express that you do  not know the answer to a question: Im afraid Im drawing a blank. I just dont know what to do.Who is that person over there? Im drawing a blank. Draw a Line Between   Use draw a line between  with two objects to show that you  separate one activity from another:   You should draw a line between your private life and work.Some people have a hard time drawing a line between friends and family. Draw Blood   Use draw blood  to express that something or someone has  caused someone to bleed. This idiom is also used figuratively to express that someone hurt another emotionally: He drew blood during his last five boxing matches.She drew blood when she began to put down his friend.   Draw Interest Use draw interest  to indicate that something has  created interest or become popular: Any time a new movie comes out, youll see articles in magazines trying to draw interest to the movie.His crazy comments drew interest during the presidential campaign. Draw Someone Out   Use draw someone out  when you are  asking questions in order to get someone to speak in detail about something: Make sure to ask her lots of questions. Its hard to draw her out and shell try to keep everything secret.If you keep asking questions, you can draw anyone out on almost any subject. Draw Something Out Use  draw something out  to refer to a process that takes place over a long period  of time: The chairman drew the meeting out for over two hours.Its a good idea to not draw out your presentation for too long. Draw Fire Away From Something Use draw fire away from something  when someone  creates a distraction so that people dont pay attention to something else: Id like you to go out and draw fire away from the institution.Politicians dont answer direct questions in order to draw fire away from something that has gone wrong. Draw Something to a Close Use draw something to a close  to express that you would like to  finish  something in progress: Lets draw this meeting to a close by reviewing the decisions weve made.If you dont mind, Id like to draw dinner to a close. Ive got an early flight tomorrow. Draw Something Up Use draw something up after having reached a verbal agreement when you intend a write a contract, proposal, or report based on the agreement: Now that weve agreed. Lets draw a contract up and get to work.Could you draw up a proposal for next weeks meeting? Draw the Line at Something Use draw the line at something  to show that you will tolerate something up to a certain point: Im afraid I draw the line at speaking poorly of my friends.If you were in a difficult position, would you draw the line at breaking the law to resolve your situation? Draw to a Close Use draw to a close  to indicate that something has come to an end: Thank you, Mary. And with that, our presentation draws to a close. Thank you for coming this evening.Id like to draw the class to a close. Remember to do your homework for Monday. Beat Someone to the Draw Use  beat someone to the draw  when you are quicker than someone else in obtaining something: He beat me to the draw and won the auction.Jennifer beat us to the draw and arrived an hour earlier. Quick on the Draw Use  quick on the draw  to show that someone is quick to do or understand  something: She was quick to the draw on buying that handbag.ï » ¿Im afraid youll have to be quicker on the draw on such a good deal. Quiz Use one of the  idioms with draw to complete the blanks. Be careful to use the correct form of the verb draw: The new actor from South Africa is _________. I think shell be a huge success.Id like you to _________ a contract by the end of next week.She told me she ______________ her work and her family, so she wouldnt work more than 20 hours overtime.The politician _________ at the death penalty.  If you can _________ from my scandal, Ill make sure you get all of my business for the next two years.I dont know answer. Im _________.You _________ me  __________, so go ahead and take the last one on sale.Id like to _________ the meeting _________. Thank you all for coming.  Ask her as many questions as you can, so you can _________. Shes a fox!I promise I didnt _________ when I hit him!I tried to ________ her ________ on the details for the deal, but she wouldnt tell me anything.Shes very ____________ and understands almost everything immediately. Answers drawing interestdraw up  drew the line betweendrew the line at / draws the line atdraw fire away  drawing a blankbeat me to the drawdraw the meeting to a closedraw her outdraw blooddraw her outquick on the draw

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - Research Proposal Example Hence, they were exposed to both the fear generated by the film on smoking, as well as provided with the tools to begin to tackle those fears. i.e, smoking cessation tips. This study found that the desired action was increased in the third category of participants. In the first instance, where the participants were only shown the film about the dangers of smoking, high levels of fear were aroused, but this did not produce the desired effect, on the contrary, participants increased their smoking after being exposed only to the film. This was explained on the basis of the denial hypothesis, whereby when participants who are already high anxiety persons are exposed to more fear generation through the vehicle of the film, the net effect of such fear generation is psychological denial wherein they refuse to believe that the threat could actually apply to them. As a result, this does not produce any reduction in fear at all. Similarly, those who were exposed to only the tips on how to stop smoking did not demonstrate the desired effect either, because in this instance, the levels of fear were not adequate enough to spur the participant into action. Since the dangers of smoking were not impressed upon these participants and fear was not sparked off in them, they did not fully realize the dangers of smoking. As a result, after the study was conducted, these participants also demonstrated higher levels of smoking. Hence, this tactic was also not successful in achieving the desired objective, i.e, reduction in smoking levels of the participants. This study demonstrated that neither very high levels of fear nor very low levels of fear can successfully achieve the desired objective. Rather it is moderately high levels of fear which are truly effective. As pointed out by the authors in this study, it is the highly threatening messages that generate higher

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Research Proposal Example ng adults spent a lot of time on the social media and can be described as dabbing to virtual life as a result of websites like Facebook, Google plus, twitter Instagram and many others. The number of users of these websites continues to increase and their popularity is increasing as well. While it is an indication of the increased application of technological methods in communication, the number of hours that people are spending on these sites continues to increase as well. Although the communication can be productive and impact a positive change on someone, the misuse of the sites quickly becomes habitual and is thereby described as an addiction. It causes the users to value social media more than anything else. The study of social media addiction of people can provide analysis of many elements which affect people seal life as a result of the social media usage. This study will focus on the effects of addiction to the social media and not just its use. The usage of social media is a topic which has been widely studied due to the relevance of the social media in the modern times. It is extremely difficult for individuals to fail to utilize a social media site in the modern times due to their popularity. Increased usage has, however, been described as leading to addiction just like any other content which is addictive (Coyne, Padilla-Walker, & Howard, 2013). While the users commonly encounter various problems which include bullying and other related cybercrimes, addiction to these sites presents a daunting challenge to the people in the real life. Social media addiction poses a threat to the self-esteem of an individuals as it makes them lack confidence in real life (Twenge, 2013). This makes the users to look towards outwards acceptance of self-esteem rather than building confidence from within. The mental health of users has also been a factor that could be influenced by the addiction of individuals to the social media. Individuals have been observed to

Juvenile Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Juvenile Justice - Coursework Example Finally, these transfers benefit the system, as it is intricate to handle some cases committed by juveniles, while in juvenile courts. In case of a transfer, youths become adults legally and face similar treatment to that for adults. After a careful examination of the reasons behind such transfers, I strongly support this practice (Elrod and Ryder 217). Currently, three main mechanisms are applicable for transfer of a juvenile to an adult court. As depicted in this source, the first mechanism is the judicial waiver, which has been in application since ancient epochs. A number of elements distinguish it from other mechanisms. For instance, the examination of the likely reasons for the juvenile to have committed the crime is among the basic elements. Secondly, it becomes necessary to consider the threats of such a youth to the society (Elrod and Ryder 218). Moreover, it considers the system to which the juvenile court system can effectively handle such a case. In a scenario, whereby th e case is so serious, a careful evaluation of how the adult court can handle such a case becomes a point of focus. The other mechanism known as the legislative waiver has been in use, in various states of America. This mechanism forms its decision on the age, along with the offense criterion of the juvenile. The third and final mechanism is the prosecutorial waiver. This is different from the other two mechanisms as it permits a concurrent jurisdiction in the two dissimilar court systems. Similarly, both the age together with the offense criterion demand cautious considerations. Kent vs. US and Breed vs. Jones impacts the waivers transfer in a negative way as it prohibits the double trial that the waiver transfer supports. In the determination of the suitability of any of the transfer mechanism, it is suitable to examine the two different court systems. After establishing which one is appropriate, the transfer process starts (Elrod and Ryder 224). A number of problems arise in case of transferring juveniles to an adult court for trial. The decision to transfer these youths can bring adverse consequences to the youths. Prosecution of these youths in open criminal courts exposes them to criminals known to have committed serious offenses than them. Eventually, they may resort into learning how to commit similar crimes. Additionally, erosion of their civil rights is a problem allied to such a transfer. In various scenarios, such a transfer fails to curb the increasing rate of recidivism, therefore, the deterioration of the security of community’s security. It would be crucial to transfer only those cases that the juvenile court cannot address with efficacy. If I were a judge, the state would have to prove to me that the juvenile court would find it intricate to handle such a case, together with the effectiveness of the needed superior court (Elrod and Ryder 220). Sources have revealed that a number of states have adopted separate programs within the adult c orrectional centers. Florida and South Carolina are the two states that have established different facilities for housing juvenile inmates. The age range is the key determinant of which youth ought to be housed in such facilities. In the above-mentioned states, the two age ranges are between 18 and 21, or 18 and 25. I also support the idea of housing them in different

Strategic Futures Insight and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Futures Insight and Design - Essay Example th, and industry relying on its cash cow products for generation of core income rather than working on extracting income from new products (ESROCK, WALKER & HART, 2014). Moreover, to maintain the market share in the maturity phase, companies would need to focus on their marketing their product as competitors would come in the market in an effort to chip off market share, and they could only be driven away if the brand image of the current producers is strong enough in the mind of consumers (ESPEJO, 2014). Cigarette consumption is an addiction, and its users would continue its use despite the negative health patterns associated with it (HIRSCHFELDER, 2010). Having said that, the industry is likely to witness pressure going forward from alternate products which are relatively safe as compared to cigarettes, including electronic or e-cigarette, and hookah or shisha amongst others. Moreover, governments are working worldwide towards reducing the consumption of cigarettes via increase in box prices, which is likely to impact cigarette demand going forwards, though not by significant margin as those addicted to the product will consume it anyway (BRANDT,

The Human-Computer Interface Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Human-Computer Interface - Assignment Example Bourg and Bywalec (2013) defines haptic feedback as "The method of including physical feedback to assist a user in interacting with entirely virtual objects" (p. 411). Every gadget in todays world functions with the use of computerized systems. Haptic feedbacks can either be in form of vibrations or senses that identify the location of the objects or bodies, as well as movements. Haptic feedback in form of vibrations is used mainly in touch-screen mobile phones whereby the phones vibration system recognizes a touch on the screen by the user (Bourg and Bywalec, 2013). In essence, the touch-screen mobile phone to some extent vibrates in order to substitute for a typical or ordinary physical reaction from a push button. In terms of senses, Bourg and Bywalec (2013) emphasizes that haptic feedback is used in the creation of joysticks to play games. In games, haptic feedback is used to alert the player when an incident or episode has taken place. In some games in fact, the player can even be wobbled by the joystick to symbolize the happening of an incident. It is worth noting that haptic feedback is a vital constituent imperative in human-computer interface, and it as well needed for its effectiveness and minimization of inaccuracies or miscalculations in computerized gadgets (Bourg and Bywalec, 2013). Memory is regarded as one of the vital functions of the human mind. There are three types of human memory and they are grouped on the basis of the length of preservation or how long the memory is withheld in the brain. These three types of human memory according to Kumar (2005) include "Sensory memory, short0term memory, and long-term memory" (p. 115). In comparison, sensory memory denotes memory roughly at the instant it is professed while short-term memory refers to the sensory memory that manages to pass through to the sensory stockpile for storage. Long-term memory on the other hand is memory refers to the information that can be repossessed in a matter

Dream of equal schooling Essay Example for Free

Dream of equal schooling Essay Mr. Borsuk also found that with the exception of the element of religion in the voucher schools—an issue many feel is a violation of the separation of church and state â€Å"it’s the same story that’s being played out in urban classrooms across America—a story of poverty, limited resources, poor leadership and broken families. † (2006). Based on firsthand experience observations garnered from visiting each and every voucher school that would allow it, Borsuk concluded that at least ten of the 106 schools visited appeared to â€Å"lack the ability, resources, knowledge or will to offer children even a mediocre education†¦. most of these were led by individuals who had little to no background in running schools and no resources other than state payments. † (Borsuk 2006). Nine of the voucher schools would not allow the reporters to observe their work, making one wonder why the secrecy? Like everything on earth, some bad must come along with the good. Alex’s Academics of Excellence happened to be a school begun by a convicted rapist, and kept on enrolling students even after allegations of drug use by staff on school grounds and a DA’s investigation. Thankfully, Alex’s, along with three others have closed—as a result of outside intervention, not due to parental outcry. Conservatives have focused on the undeniable problems in our public school systems as a reason for the voucher system. They say that the voucher system gives â€Å"choice† to parents and students, but in reality they are more interested in privatizing the schools, effectively removing them from â€Å"public oversight and responsibility. † (Special Voucher 2000). The alternative to the voucher system would be to â€Å"invest in our public schools, not abandon them,† according to the more liberal stance. Our society knows how to teach children, it just tends to do that job in unequal measures. Many times a disproportionate amount of money is spent on the already privileged children rather than on the low income areas. Perhaps the largest distinguishing factor in voucher schools comes down to religion. Many of the students in the voucher program schools pray together in class, read the Bible, the Torah, or attend Mass. Even parents who are not particularly religious feel their children will get a better education and learn moral values when placed in a parochial school. While the religious aspect is a sticking point for those who advocate the separation of church and state, the religious schools are the fastest growing area of voucher schools, and many parents who were interviewed felt their children were receiving a much better education in a parochial school than they did in public schools. Martin Carnoy, a Stanford University professor has been critical of the voucher system, pointing to the fact that other states are not participating. â€Å"No other places jumped on the bandwagon, and I think the reason is they don’t see anything spectacular and terrific happening. Basically, they can live without it. † (Borsuk 2006). It is felt in many sectors that the voucher program has been a huge drain on resources, taking away money and attention from the some 85,000 students who still attend regular MPS schools. These students are effectively losing out so that others can attend private schools. (Borsuk 2006). How do other states feel about the voucher system? The Florida State Supreme Court ruled on January 5, 2006 that Governor Jeb Bush’s pilot voucher program was illegal because it â€Å"violates the provision in the state constitution that prohibits using taxpayer money to finance a private alternative to the public education system. † (OnWEAC 2006). The decision was 5-2 and the court stated that the voucher school program hurt public education because it diverted public dollars into private systems. Voucher schools are being rejected at a national level as in November, 2005, a group of 23 House Republican’s â€Å"bucked its party’s leaders and defeated an effort to include a private school voucher plan in the House budget reconciliation bill. † (OnWEAC 2006). The question remains: What is the future of the Wisconsin Voucher system? From September, 2005 to January, 2006, the number of low income students attending voucher schools dropped sharply, a decline of nearly 1500 students. This could be due to the fact that three voucher schools were closed because they did not meet minimum standards, or perhaps the reasons are more far-reaching. (School Choice 2006). The Laws have recently expanded the eligibility of voucher recipients, now allowing students who are in schools that have ranked in the â€Å"academic emergency† or â€Å"academic watch† category for the past three years to receive vouchers. (School Choice 2006) The Maine Supreme Judicial Court recently upheld a very controversial state law that prohibits students from using publicly funded vouchers for religious schools. Justice Donald Alexander wrote that the â€Å"state is not compelled to pay for religious education; even though the U. S. Supreme Court has ruled that these programs are constitutionally permissible. † (School Choice 2006). Although this was a Maine case, the issue may soon arise in Wisconsin as well. Wisconsin has done its best and tried many alternatives, gone down many roads to improve the education of their children. Nobody can fault them for this, however it is clear that it is still far from a level playing field, and that more reforms are in order, more programs that guarantee each child a quality education. References: Borsuk, Alan J. (January 3, 2004). Dream of equal schooling is unrealized. Accessed on May 3, 2006 from: http://www.jsonline.com

Raising Awareness of Cholesterol Link to CHD

Raising Awareness of Cholesterol Link to CHD This essay will be based around a health promotion activity that was carried out by 6 students, the main focus is health promotion and raising awareness of cholesterol link to CHD. Centre for disease control and prevention (2013), defines cholesterol as a waxy, fat-like substance in the body that is necessary for normal function. In addition, health needs assessment will be identify, continuing with target groups involved with support from relevant epidemiology, demography and national and international policies. It will also outlined aims and objectives, approaches or strategy needs used to identify. Finally evaluation tool to consider the effectiveness of the health promotion activity. When promoting health, health can have different meaning to different individuals. WHO (1946), defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Naidoo and Wills (1998), highlights in order to promote health, it is necessary to prevent disease, improve health and enhanced well-being. Hubley and Coperman (2008), supports this by identifying, health promotion as a process in enabling individuals to increase control over and improve their health, in order to reach a complete physical, mental and social well-being. However, in promoting health, health need assessment is the first step in promoting health activity. According to Cavanaugh and Chadwich (2005), health needs assessment is defined as a systematic process of identifying priority health issues, targeting risk groups in the population with the most needs and taking action in the most cost effective and efficient way. Macdowell, Bowell and Davies (2006), went on to highlights health need assessment is important because it is a recommended tool in providing evidence about a population in which to plan services and address health inequalities. It can also help in strengthening community involvement in decision making by collaborative team work. In carrying out the health need assessment, a target group has to be identify. According to Hubley Coperman (2010), a target group is a section of the community at which the health promotion activities are directed. They went on to suggests, when considering a target group, it is necessary to have some consideration in mind. For instance, ethnic, cultural or age because they all have distinctive needs and their needs changed during life. The target group used for this assignment, age 25-34 was identified from statistics with the aim of trying to prevent the disease before it starts. In tackling health promotion, Scriven (yr), highlights that in preventing ill health for individuals within the population, first try to prevent the problem, prevent the problem by detecting and dealing with the problem and finally preventing the consequences or complications of the problem. Hubley Coperman (2010), highlights a situation assessment not only involves analysing the situation, but also asking why did the situation arose, what factors contributed to the situation and what contribution can health promotion make to improve the situation. UK statistics Epidemiology of coronary heart disease Epidemiology is a study of the population while it provides generalisation. For instance, how much exercise an average person needs. There might be individuals who needs might be different to others because of lifestyle (Heavey, yr). This can pose difficulty for health promotion. Therefore, taking finding from epidemiology and turn them into clear advice such as eating five portion fruits and vegetables per day and reducing saturated fat. However even with limitations, epidemiology is a key discipline in health promotion. It is necessary to understand the problem before action is taken to prevent or promote health (Hubley Copeman, 2010). According to Wright (2010), coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death and premature death in the uk. It has been identify that 1 in 5 men and 1 in 7 women die from CHD and the death rate each year is 94,000. LDL cholesterol widely accepted to be one of the main risk factors for CHD. Of all the key contributors to CHD, high blood pressure, low fruits and vegetables intake physical inactivity high blood cholesterol has been the greatest impact and yet use more than half the people in the western countries have cholesterol level higher than desirable. Mortality rate is 46 percent higher in men and 51 percent higher in women. According to British Heart Foundation (2012), there is around 2.3 million individuals living with CHD. This is due to increase of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia, along with socioeconomic deprivation and lifestyle (cite). In the UK immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, have a 50 percent greater risk of premature CHD. However, African-Caribbean population have a lower risk than national average risk of CHD (Naidoo Wills, 1998). International statistics According to the Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (2014), it was highlighted that results from the National Health and Nutritional examination survey, approximately 3.4 million American adults above 20yrs, have severe hypertryceriaemia above 500. These individuals have a higher risk for developing CHD. As a consequence, CHD, is the leading cause of death for adults in the USA. Furthermore, Roth et al (2010), went on to support this by stating, CHD, cause over 18 million death in the world in 2005. (Wright, 2010). Policy According to the department of health (2010), policy paper healthy lives, healthy people our strategy for public health England, set out implications of health inequalities. Social, environmental, behavioural and biological factors are important influences on health. It highlights in tackling health inequalities, a much broader context needs to be consider. For instance, providing a route for poverty. Naidoo Wills (1998), supports this by highlighting that there are considerable evidence to show low income, inequality, diet, poor housing, lack of health care are factors that contribute to health persistent inequalities and deprivation. There is also a social gradient of health the lower a person’s social position the worse their health. Individuals in disadvantaged areas are more likely to have shorter lives expectancy and a greater burden on health is experience. The policy went on to highlights the gap of up to 27 yrs between the richest and the poorest neighbourhood, and wide variations within areas (Lloyd et al,2007). For example in London Kensignton and Chelsea, a man has a life expectancy of 88 yrs whereas in Tottenham Green, one of the poorest the age is 77 yrs. Obesity, smoking and alcohol misuse are associated with low income and deprivation (Waugh Brooker, 2007). However the gap has been narrowed due to health promotion. People are now more healthier and living longer than before and their level of well-being are as good as those in European countries. Also because of public health innovations such as enhanced nutrition, smoking cessation clinics, cholesterol screening, physical activity to include exercise, has helped to reduce cost and mortality and morbidity rates (Llyod et al, 2007). Also, empowering people and health promotion approaches, it has shown an improvement on individuals and communities behaviour or lifestyle changes. According to Tones (1995), for many health promoters, empowerment at an individual level is a central tenant of health promotion. However, empowerment is a difficult concept to measure (Scriven Orme, 2001). However, Bradshaw (1972), classified four needs normative, felt, expressed and comparative. For this assignment the group identify normative need. According to normative need refers to what expert opinion based on research. For instance, a decision by the GP that a patient needs medication, after cholesterol screening. Approaches It is important when providing health promotion to have an understanding of the approaches. There are five approaches and the group has chosen the behavioural and educational approach. According to Katz et al (2002), behavioural approach encourages individuals to make positive health related changes. For instance, in the workplace it is encourage to use the stairs instead of the lifts. This is beneficial and can help to reduce weight which can have an effect on coronary heart disease. Other targeted lifestyle behaviour that can have impact on coronary heart disease is smoking, alcohol use, diet and nutrition. The aim of this approach is to prevent disease such as heart disease by reduction of associated risk factors such as eating more fruits and vegetables and cutting down on saturated fat. The intention of the educational approach is to provide people with knowledge and information that will enable them to develop the necessary skills to make informed choices about their behaviours. Therefore, communication skills are the key to this approach. Educational approach can be in the form of mass media, and one-one. According to Tones and Tilford (1994), there are many examples of success in enhancing knowledge and information through health education carried out in healthcare settings. One advantage of this approach, it can easily be measured. For instance, survey. With limitation, evaluation of this approach may be difficult. People may have increased their knowledge and understanding of their health behaviour but may not make the necessary change (Naidoo Wills, 2009). Therefore, when health promotion is carried out, aims and objectives need to be followed. They should be specific, measureable, achievable, realistic and time. The group identified several aims and objectives. The aim of the group at the end of the health promotion, was to raise awareness and educate of the danger of cholesterol link to CHD. According to( ) aims are defined as general statement of what the programme is trying to achieve such as reduce inequality as in health promotion. Whereas, the objectives or a target is a statement of proposed change over a fixed period of time. An objective should be measurable. This will allow others to know what is been planned making a decision about its implementation and evaluates. The objectives were as follows: Three risk factors which can increase coronary heart disease Describe what coronary heart disease is. Three complications that can occur because of high cholesterol. Where someone can go to get their cholesterol check. Evaluation Evaluation is a systematic way of learning from experiences and the lesson learnt use it to improve current activities and promote better planning (Scott Western, 1998). Evaluation is also done to measure its effectiveness, whether or not stated objectives has been achieve, and efficiency which is the amount of effort in terms of time, human resources and cost was worth the effort and process evaluation monitoring the progress during the programme which involves to find out if what was done has been achieved (Pender et al, 2006). During evaluation programme different types of evaluation maybe undertaken at different stages including process, impact and outcome. First the process evaluation is undertaken if the aims are to determine the degree to which the programme or its individual components is reaching the target group or the materials and components of the programme are of good quality. Process evaluation is important to undertake in conjunction with impact or outcome evaluation, as it helps to explain better both positive, and negative intervention effect ( Scott Western, 1998). It was highlighted that the health promotion activity objectives has been achieved. For instance, the literature such as questionnaire demonstrated to some extend that the message that was put across which is knowledge and understanding in relation to cholesterol with link to coronary heart disease. It has also shown to be cost effective because the group spend less than the fifteen pounds that was allotted for spending on resources and material used. Some resources were either borrowed or given as gifts. To continue with the impact evaluation, this is referred to as the immediate effect Macdowell et al (2006). The participants’ knowledge and understanding of the subject was successful in most areas as highlighted by the figures after the questionnaires were done. For instance, 100% of people found that the health promotion was useful, 80% were able to list 3 factors which can increase cholesterol level, 100% tick the correct statement to describe coronary heart disease, 95% of people knew where to go to get their cholesterol level check either a GP, clinic, or hospital. The other two questions were at a lower percentage of 50% and 75%. This could have been due to some people may not of understood the question, did not read the question properly or the health promoter was not clear enough or did not explain or was lacking knowledge on the subject. The final theory the outcome, focus on the results or changes brought about by the programme intended or unintended. The choice of outcome to measure is determined by the programme goal (Scott Western, 1998). For example, if the goal is to achieve reducing cholesterol level of understanding the link to coronary heart disease, it will need to be measured before and after. For outcome to be measured it would be difficult for the group because the audience would be difficult to contact at a later date and the setting which was a university was not the best place in educating individuals and to get a follow up. The community clinic or GP would be more appropriate. There were positives that came out of the forum as highlighted by the questionnaires and feedback from other members of groups and tutors. However, it was highlighted some posters were to small, target group were not identified and also one tutor highlighted the target group use from evidence and statistics were not suitable. However, the target group used which was 25-34 was discussed in lectures with our tutor and was told to target individuals from the statistics by preventing the disease before it starts. Word count 2360 needs 2200 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/quality-standards-for-coronary-heart-disease-care https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/healthy-lives-healthy-people-our-strategy-for-public-health-in-england

Effects of War and Organized Violence on Refugees Essay -- Refugee Chi

In the literature about refugees and the effects of displacement upon them, certain themes are unmistakably persistent. Some of those themes could be found in Satrapi’s, Persepolis, and others could not. When Perry-Jenkins, a psychology professor, gave the Dean’s Reader class a supplementary presentation on the psychology of adolescence, she mentioned that psychological studies predominantly take place in the U.S. She also noted that cross-cultural and longitudinal studies are a more recent phenomenon in the psychology field. Perry-Jenkins also explained that most psychological studies are done in the U.S. due to funding reasons, but for whatever other reason, studies outside the U.S. are often done on children first, not adolescence or adults, hence the emphasis on children in many of the international studies I cite below. Psychological symptoms were an overwhelming theme throughout the material I reviewed involving refugees. It is important to remember that refugees leave their home country during a difficult time, and their pre-flight stressors can be and sometimes are worse than the post-flight stressors of adjustment to a new country. In any case, psychological distress comes in many forms. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a very common stressor for refugees and was noted in Jodecyr, Graham, Sourander, Hjern, and Keyes’ work. Keyes reviewed the literature about six years ago and determined that almost every article in her work mentioned the effects of PTSD on refugees. Guilt is another stressor common to refugees for many reasons. Parents may have to leave in a rush and may not be able to take all of their children, a child may be leaving parents behind, and adolescent age children may feel the guilt of leaving t... ...Angel. "Organized violence and mental health of refugee children in exile: a six-year follow-up." Acta Paediatrica 89.6(2000): 722-727. Jodeyr, Simin. "Where do I belong?: the experience of second generation Iranian immigrants and refugees." Psychodynamic Practice 9.2 (2003): 205-214. Leavey, Gerald. "Psychological disorder amongst refugee and migrant schoolchildren in London." Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 39.3(2003): 191-195. Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis- The Story of a Childhood. New York: Random House, 2003. Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis 2- The Story of a Return. New York: Random House, 2004. Sourander, Andre. "Behavior Problems and Traumatic Events of Unaccompanied Refugee Minors." Child Abuse & Neglect 22.7(1998): 719-727. Sourander, Andre. "Refugee families during asylum seeking." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 57(2002): 203-207. Effects of War and Organized Violence on Refugees Essay -- Refugee Chi In the literature about refugees and the effects of displacement upon them, certain themes are unmistakably persistent. Some of those themes could be found in Satrapi’s, Persepolis, and others could not. When Perry-Jenkins, a psychology professor, gave the Dean’s Reader class a supplementary presentation on the psychology of adolescence, she mentioned that psychological studies predominantly take place in the U.S. She also noted that cross-cultural and longitudinal studies are a more recent phenomenon in the psychology field. Perry-Jenkins also explained that most psychological studies are done in the U.S. due to funding reasons, but for whatever other reason, studies outside the U.S. are often done on children first, not adolescence or adults, hence the emphasis on children in many of the international studies I cite below. Psychological symptoms were an overwhelming theme throughout the material I reviewed involving refugees. It is important to remember that refugees leave their home country during a difficult time, and their pre-flight stressors can be and sometimes are worse than the post-flight stressors of adjustment to a new country. In any case, psychological distress comes in many forms. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a very common stressor for refugees and was noted in Jodecyr, Graham, Sourander, Hjern, and Keyes’ work. Keyes reviewed the literature about six years ago and determined that almost every article in her work mentioned the effects of PTSD on refugees. Guilt is another stressor common to refugees for many reasons. Parents may have to leave in a rush and may not be able to take all of their children, a child may be leaving parents behind, and adolescent age children may feel the guilt of leaving t... ...Angel. "Organized violence and mental health of refugee children in exile: a six-year follow-up." Acta Paediatrica 89.6(2000): 722-727. Jodeyr, Simin. "Where do I belong?: the experience of second generation Iranian immigrants and refugees." Psychodynamic Practice 9.2 (2003): 205-214. Leavey, Gerald. "Psychological disorder amongst refugee and migrant schoolchildren in London." Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 39.3(2003): 191-195. Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis- The Story of a Childhood. New York: Random House, 2003. Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis 2- The Story of a Return. New York: Random House, 2004. Sourander, Andre. "Behavior Problems and Traumatic Events of Unaccompanied Refugee Minors." Child Abuse & Neglect 22.7(1998): 719-727. Sourander, Andre. "Refugee families during asylum seeking." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 57(2002): 203-207.

A Separate Peace: Three Symbols :: essays research papers

A Separate Peace: Three Symbols The three dichotomous symbols in A Separate Peace by John Knowles reinforce the innocence and evil of the main characters, Finny and Gene. Beside the Devon School flow two rivers on opposite sides of the school, the Naguamsett and the Devon. The Devon provides entertainment and happiness for Gene and Finny as they jump from the tree into the river and hold initiations into the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. Finny, Gene, and their friends use the Devon's warm water to play in during the carefree summer session. The Devon brings out Finny's carefree character and personality when he jumps from the limbs of the tree. Not one Upper Middler in Devon has ever jumped from the tree; Finny becomes the first. After surfacing, Finny says that jumping from the tree causes the most fun he has had in weeks. However, the Naguamsett and the Devon completely contrast. When Gene and Finny emerge from the Devon, they feel clean and refreshed. However, Gene describes the Naguamsett as "ugly, saline, fringed with marsh, mud and seaweed" (68). When Gene starts a fight with Quackenbush and falls into the Naguamsett because Quackenbush calls Gene "a maimed son-of-a-bitch," Gene surfaces from the Naguamsett feeling grimy, dirty and in desperate need of a bath (71). Much like the clean, refreshing water of the Devon and the ugly saline water of the Naguamsett, Gene's carefree attitude of the summer session vastly differs from the angry, confused attitude of the winter session. Likewise, the two sessions, the summer and winter, give a different sense of feeling toward school and life at Devon School. The summer session allows Finny to use his creativity. Finny invents blitzball and founds the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. The students let their carefree attitudes flow during the summer. Finny and Gene willingly break the rules to have fun during the summer by skipping class and going to the beach. Finny also wears the school tie as a belt to the traditional term tea. Gene feels that Finny cannot leave the room without being disciplined, but Finny manages to talk his way out of the mess. However, the winter session causes a sense of strictness. The sermons now exhort the thought of "what we owe Devon," but in the summer the students think of "what Devon owes us" (65). The masters and class leaders try to enforce continuity, but Gene realizes that resurrecting the summer session becomes impossible. Finny is not in school, no longer shall the students have their carefree attitudes, and the class officials and masters now

The problem of anti Americanism

Terrorism has always been a major issue in the world. Every country is trying to put some measures to stop the act of terrorism. There are some remedies that have been put in place to stop terrorism. The problem of anti Americanism is believed to be the cause of terrorism attacks. Introduction The problem of anti-Americanism is a very serious matter and it occurs because people try to be resistant or try to blame America for all its actions. People world over believe that every action Americans take is for the purpose of taking control of other countries for selfish gain and interests.The resistance takes place when non-Americans want to conserve their beliefs and national interests, and do not want to be influenced by the Americans. People put their blame on the Americans because they are jealous and do not want Americans to continue being prosperous (Hoffman, 1998). People should be accountable for inciting violence when they glorify violent acts against America but themselves do n ot engage in it in order to put a stop to terrorism.Such people invest a lot of money to destroy other people’s lives and in fact they should be more punished than the people who physically carry out the acts of terrorism. They are the people who do not want to stop terrorism. (Hoffman, 1998) There are various remedies that are available to the government to deal with schools, mosques, and charities that indirectly support terrorism while not actually engaging in it. There are some laws that have been enacted to counteract terrorism.The laws are divided into several categories like financial act laws, terrorism act laws, airport and transport act laws and the USA patriot act laws. The remedies should be death for those found guilty of terrorism including increased budgetary allocation to the Security budget that will help not only counter any acts of terror but gather intelligence that will help forestall any threat way before it happens (Hoffman 1998). Reference: Hoffman, Br uce (1998)†Inside Terrorism† Columbia University Press

Rikki Tikki Tavi

Andrew  Ward Period:  Ã‚  7 Date:  2/6/13 Rikki  Tikki  Tavi  Perseverance â€Å"This  is  the  story  of  the  great  war  that  Rikki  Tikki  Tavi  fought  single  handed, through  the  bathrooms  of  the  big  bungalow  in  segowlee cantonment. †(594). it  is  also  about  Rikki  Tikki’s  perseverance  by  continued effort  to  do  or  achieve  something  despite  difficulties,  failure,  or opposition. Rikki  Tikki  shows  perseverance  by  going  on  journeys, overcoming  obstacles,  and  accomplishing  goals. Rikki's  journeys  demonstrate  perseverance  because  he  was  washed  by  a flood  to  the  bungalow/garden  and  he  explored  the  garden  where  he  met Darzee  and  his  wife.Rikki  was  washed  away  Ã¢â‚¬Å"One  day,  a  high  summer flood  washed  him  out  of  the  bu rrow  where  he  lived  with  his  father  and mother,  and  carried  him,  kicking  and  clucking,  down  a  roadside ditch†(594). Rikki  stopped  by  finding  a  wisp  of  grass  and  held  onto  it,  but lost  his  senses. Rikki  found  himself  on  the  middle  of  a  garden  path  were teddy,  a  little  boy,  found  Rikki. After,  Teddy  and  his  family  helped  Rikki back  on  his  feet,  Rikki  Ã¢â‚¬Å"then  went  outside  into  the  garden  to  see  what  was to  be  seen†(596). It  was  Darzee  the  tailor  bird  and  his  wife,  who  made  a beautiful  nest. But  lost  an  egg  and  was  eaten  by  Nag†(596 ­597). Nag  is  a 8ft  long  snake  with  a  symbol  on  his  hood  who  he  say  he  got  it  from  god. Rkki  found  Darzee  while  he  was  sniffing  around  he  heard  a  very  sorrowful voice  how  was  Darzee  and  his  wife. Since  there  were  snakes  in  the garden  stayed  since  each  mongoose  wants  to  be  a  household  pet. Even though  he  was  almost  killed  by  Nagaina,  Nag’s  wife  who  looks  exactly  like him.

Advertising and Older Consumers: Image and Ageism

In past years the market that most advertisers aimed towards was the Gen X group. Now many advertisers are shooting at the even younger Generation Y. The interesting thing is that many of these products advertised are items that all generations use, such as food, soft drinks, clothing, cars, entertainment, etc. Rarely are older generations revealed using these products in print ads or commercials. The Issue: This creates the issue to advertisers that they stereotype older generations and reinforce society's misconception that people over 50 are feeble, pitiable, or incompetent. In many cases advertisers do just this. Remember the commercial for Lifecall emergency alert device in the early 90's where the elderly Ms. Fletcher fell in her bathroom and, while lying there helpless, she calls out, â€Å"I've fallen and I can't get up.† Despite the importance of this product to seniors who live alone, the commercial quickly became the brunt of many jokes, including skits on Saturday Night Live and the Tonight Show. Could Lifecall have designed a better advertising campaign that would not have alienated or mocked its target market? This brings up the question of whether advertisers have a responsibility to change the mindset that being over 50 is old? Are they responsible to change the way society views 50+? Can they even change society's views of 50+? Absolutely! By utilizing cross-generational advertising, marketers can benefit the consumers, companies, advertisers, and society as a whole. The Stakeholders: 50+ Consumers – The nature of the 50+ age group is rapidly changing. Humans are living longer and are more active than ever before. They don't feel old and feeble, so why would they want to support product advertising that makes them appear weak and vulnerable? They don't. Advertisers/Corporations – Advertising is the primary source that companies use to inform and educate the public about their product while influencing consumers to purchase it. In the past marketers have primarily advertised towards younger generations because they have more impulsive buying behaviors. Also, according to the case, many executives in the marketing field are from younger generations; therefore, they create advertising campaigns with which they can identify. Society – The overall public, including the target market, views marketing campaigns. Almost everyone has access to publications and television that contain advertising directed at specific groups. For example, children watch the programs their parent's watch and parents watch children's programming. We are all exposed to advertising that might or might not be directed towards our generational market and it influences our opinions about those groups. Utilitarianism Theory: Cross-generational advertising is a method of marketing that illustrates many generations using the same products without segregating or degrading any generational groups. This will produce the greatest long-term benefits to the most number of stakeholders. First, using models from Generation Y through the GI Generation will create awareness and a better understanding of age diversity in the consumer market. In turn, stereotypes of older generations will be broken. This could lead to a social and economic breakthrough. Older generations will feel more accepted in society and will have the urge to be more active. As they become more active, greater consumer spending is generated which benefits the corporation's overall profits and its stockholders. Free Market Theory: According to the IPC Magazine survey identified in the case, 62% of women prefer to see women their own age advertising products towards them1. In addition the over-50 age groups claim the majority of wealth and generate over 51% of consumer spending in the United States2 (see Graph). If companies would advertise using over-50 models and actors, brand recognition would be established because the older consumers would identify with the advertisement and therefore purchase the product. If you look at this from a company's perspective, there is a substantial market vying for cross-generational advertising. Since the company exists to make money for its shareholders, what would be better than to target the market that possesses the greatest wealth and majority of consumer spending? Rights Theory: Companies have the right to advertise their products to the target markets of their choice. At the same time the consumer has a right to be informed without being misled or deceived. In many cases the messages that advertisements relay give consumers misperceptions about a particular generational group. For example, the majority of pharmaceuticals are advertised using 50+ models. Rarely are these models used for products such as apparel, soft drinks, or new cars. This gives the general public the misconception that anyone over 50 is sick, weak, and unable to use the products that â€Å"everyone† else uses. Justice Theory: When reviewing ageism in advertising, the over-50 population is treated less equitably. A cross-generational marketing strategy would allow 50+ models to advertise everyday products while still appealing to younger markets. This would compensate for past injustices to older generations by finally giving them an accurate portrayal in the media. Marketing campaigns could also incorporate models from different generations to distribute equal time and equal representation in advertising. In the end, future retribution will be given to millions of older Americans as age discrimination in the media is diminished. Social Contract Theory: In the end, advertisers need to gain the trust of their consumers. As long as they continue to mock older generations or ignore them all together, they run the risk of â€Å"punitive reactions – consumer boycott, regulation, media hostility, financial loss, and above all loss of reputation1.† They also owe society a picture of reality when it comes to the aging population. The Baby Boomer generation, with a population of 76 million, is the largest and most economically powerful demographic group in the US3. As a majority of this group has already passed the 50-year mark and the rest are soon to follow, an accurate depiction of our modern day aging process is needed because eventually everyone will pass through these same life stages.

Gone Girl - Book Club Discussion Questions

Gone Girl - Book Club Discussion Questions by Gillian Flynn was one of the big suspense novels of 2012. But far from just being a mindless thriller, Gone Girl is a literary page turner that is smart and witty. These book club discussion questions will help your reading group explore the plot, themes and ideas raised in the novel. Spoiler Warning: These questions contain important details about Gone Girl. Finish the book before reading on. In the first third of the book, did you think Nick was guilty? Why or why not?In the second part of the book, once you know the truth, what did you think was going to happen with Nick and Amy?Do you think someone could actually plan every detail of a set up or murder as perfectly as Amy did?What did you expect to happen after Amy returned? Were you surprised by her final precaution? Do you think that would truly be enough to get Nick to stay?Early on in the book, Amy writes in her diary: Because isnt that the point of every relationship: to be known by someone else, to be understood? (29).Toward the end of the book, on the night of Amys return, when she is making the case for going forward together, here is what she says and Nick thinks:Think about it, Nick, we know each other. Better than anyone in the world now.It was true that Id had this feeling too, in the past month, when I wasnt wishing Amy harm. It would come to me at strange momentsin the middle of the night, up to take a pi ss, or in the morning pouring a bowl of cerealId detect a nib of admiration, and more than that, fondness for my wife, right in the middle of me, right in the gut. To know exactly what I wanted to hear in those notes, to woo me back to her, even to predict all my wrong moves...the woman knew me cold...All this time Id thought we were strangers, and it turned out we knew each other intuitively, in our bones, in our blood (385).To what extent do you think the desire to be understood drives relationships? Do you understand how this could be appealing to Nick despite everything else? Nick stops strangling Amy and thinks, Who would I be without Amy to react to? Because she was right: As a man, I had been my most impressive when I loved her and I was my next best self when I hated her...I couldnt return to an average life (396).Is this believable? Is it possible for Nick to be more fulfilled in an extraordinary relationship where he is understood even if it is manipulative an dangerous?Nick once muses, It seemed to me that there was nothing new to be discovered ever again...We were the first human beings who would never see anything for the first time. We stare at the wonders of the world, dull-eyed, underwhelmed. Mona Lisa, the Pyramids, the Empire State Building. Jungle animals on attack, ancient icebergs collapsing, volcanoes erupting. I cant recall a single amazing thing I have seen firsthand that I didnt immediately reference to a movie or TV show...Ive literally seen it all, and the worst thing, the thing that makes me want to blow my brains out, is: The sec ondhand experience is always better. The image is crisper, the view keener, the camera angle and soundtrack manipulate my emotions in a way reality cant anymore (72).Do you think this observation is true about our generation? How do you think this affects relationships? How does it affect the way we live? Nick writes,I got secretly furious, spent ten minutes just winding myself up because at this point of our marriage, I was so used to being angry with her, it felt almost enjoyable, like gnawing on a cuticle: You know you should stop, that it doesnt really feel as good as you think, but you cant quit grinding away (107).Have you experienced this dynamic? Why do you think it feels good to be angry sometimes?At one point, Amy quotes the advice Fake it until you make it. Later, Nick writes, We pretend to be in love, and we do the things we like to do when were in love, and it feels almost like love sometimes, because we are so perfectly putting ourselves through the paces (404).Generally speaking, do you think this is good marriage advice? Do Nick and Amy disprove this advice?Rate Gone Girl on a scale of 1 to 5.

Eye Witness Testimony essays

Eye Witness Testimony essays The Psychology of Eyewitness Accounts The human memory, while in many ways an amazing tool, is highly flawed. Although we have the power to remember a vast amount of information, our mind can use our memory to essentially trick us, sometimes even to the extent of remembering in detail events that never transpired. Despite these limitations, the testimony of eyewitnesses has become the most crucial evidence towards conviction in criminal cases (Loftus 9). In this way, our legal system depends on the reliability of an exceptionally faulty source. Jurors in court cases tend to believe eyewitnesses (Gorenststein 616). Faced with conflicting or ambiguous testimony, they are tempted to put their faith in people who actually saw an event. This faith in eyewitnesses maybe misplaced, however. Although eyewitness accounts are essential to courtroom testimony, studies clearly show people who say; I know what I saw, often mean, I know what I think I saw. And these people may be wrong (Migueles 259). Psychologists have attempted t o measure the ability of witnesses to recall specific facts surrounding an emotional event, as in the article Recall, Recognition, and Confidence Patterns in Eyewitness Testimony, by Malen Migueles and Elvira Garcia-Bajos. In other pertaining articles, information processing is reviewed by stages; from the time it is received to the time it is retrieved, and all of the faults, problems, and decay information goes through before is it regenerated. Essentially, Migueles and Garcia-Bajos endeavored to find what type of stimuli witnesses will attend to during a crime. Stimuli were broken down into two broad categories: central and peripheral. Central information coincides with and is both essential to and proximal to the crime, while peripheral information is unrelated to the crime. These categories are further divided into actions and d...

The eNotes Blog Unpublished Novel by Pearl S. Buck Found in Texas StorageUnit

Unpublished Novel by Pearl S. Buck Found in Texas StorageUnit I live for stories like this. My children are regularly subjected to garage and estate sales.   They tap their feet and emit long, angsty, teenage sighs as I go through ancient, musty-smelling boxes, looking and hoping for such a gem. It happened to  someone.  After forty years, an unpublished manuscript by Pearl S. Buck  has been discovered in a Texas storage unit.   The New York Times  reports that the manuscript was returned to Bucks family for a small fee.   How the manuscript came to be in Texas is a mystery;   Buck, a West Virigina native,   never lived in Texas, nor did she have family in Texas. Although Bucks best-known work today is  The Good Earth, in the early twentieth century, many of her other works were widely read. A prolific author, Buck wrote dozens of novels, works of non-fiction, and short stories. In 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first woman upon which the honor was bestowed. The new novel titled  Ã‚  The Eternal Wonder  is described as â€Å"the coming-of-age story of Randolph Colfax, an extraordinarily gifted young man whose search for meaning and purpose leads him to New York, England, Paris and on a mission patrolling the DMZ in Korea that will change his life forever - and, ultimately, to love.† The publisher,  Open Road Integrated Media,  says the novel will be released on October 22, 2013, in both paperback and eBook formats.

Colleges for Students with Learning Disabilities

Colleges for Students with Learning Disabilities Finding the right college or university is a challenging task for every student, but for those students with learning disabilities, the additional considerations that go into choosing the right school can make it even more overwhelming for them and their families. For those students who have had a 504 or IEP plan during high school, there are colleges and universities that have programs that can be helpful - and in many cases, essential - to the their success in school. For students who need extra support during college, there are schools that offer a variety of programs that include everything from one-on-one counseling to study groups. Finding the program that fits your students needs, along with a college environment that will keep him happy and motivated, can take a lot of thought and investigation. Parents must be a part of the decision making process.   Having a 504 or IEP plan in place is, for the most part, essential for admission to these programs. If your child does not have one, its important to get that done when he begins high school to facilitate the accommodations he will need in college.   Especially important for students with disabilities is becoming their own best advocate. Speaking up, informing professors and teaching assistants of their accommodations, utilizing the services available to them, and communicating with those who are in a position to assist and guide them will help them to successfully navigate the sometimes complicated college experience. When visiting prospective schools, be sure to spend some time at the center where those with learning disabilities can get support. If possible, set up a meeting with both a staff member and a student to get an idea about how the center operates, what the benefits are and whether the environment will be a good fit for your child. Some programs are very hands-on and require accountability from the student, while others are more of a drop-in kind of program. For learning disabled students, the support system offered at a school should be the top priority when choosing where to apply and attend college. While a good football team or nice dorms may seem like top considerations to your student, its essential that he understand that the emotional and academic support available to him are what will make or break his college career.   Schools with learning disabilities support programs   LARGE SCHOOLSLarge schools offer the traditional big campus experience, which can be overwhelming for students with learning disabilities. Utilizing support programs can greatly increase the likelihood that a student will manage his academics while enjoying campus life. American University - Washington DCAcademic Support and Access Center (ASAC)Application requiredFee: $4500 per year Northeastern University - Boston, MALearning Disabilities Program (LDP)Application RequiredFee: $2750 per semesterScholarship available Rochester Institute of Technology - Rochester, NYAcademic Support CenterOpen enrollment for any RIT studentFee: Weekly University of Arizona - Tucson, AZStrategic Alternative Learning Techniques (SALT) CenterApplication requiredFee: $2800 per semester - lower division students (tutoring included)  Ã‚           $1200 per semester - upper division students (tutoring $21 per hour)  Ã‚           $1350 per 3 months - life coaching for ADD/ADHD students (optional)Scholarships available SMALL SCHOOLS Small schools give students the sense of intimacy and belonging that can be a challenge to find at a larger school. Curry College - Milton, MAProgram for Advancement of Learning (PAL)Application RequiredFee: Course-based fee, varies by topicScholarships available Fairleigh Dickinson University - Teaneck, NJRegional Center for Learning DisabilitiesApplication RequiredNo fee - free to any student at Fairleigh DickinsonMarist College - Poughkeepsie, NYLearning Disabilities Support ProgramPrimarily for freshman studentsFee for learning specialists only SCHOOLS EXCLUSIVELY FOR STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES Beacon College - Leesburg, FLAdmissions requirementsFees: May qualify for medical tax deduction Landmark College - Putney, VTAdmissions requirementsFees: May qualify for medical tax deduction   Scholarships for students with learning disabilities BMO Capital Markets Lime Connect Equity Through Education Scholarship for Students with Disabilities$10,000 for U.S. students$5,000 for Canadian studentsGoogle Lime Scholarship: for learning disabled students studying computer science$10,000 for U.S students$5,000 for Canadian studentsRise Scholarship for students with learning disabilities$2,500  For a comprehensive list of scholarships and financial assistance programs targeting students with a variety of physical and learning disabilities, visit this website. For more information about additional scholarship opportunities and financial aid for learning disabled students, visit this website. Want to stay up to date on the latest news for families with college kids and 20somethings? Sign up for the free  Parenting Young Adults today!

Methods In Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Methods In Archaeology - Essay Example By reading the way he presents his work, one can easily connect the various stages and even come up with the relationship between various these varied steps. The archeologist and the geologists use both absolute and the relative dating methods for them to determine the ages of various historical artifacts. However, both the absolute and the relative dating methods have their negative strengths and weaknesses. Limitations of absolute dating methodsOne of the materials used in the absolute dating method are Carbon. When carbon is used, there are various shortcomings that are associated with it. For instance, the half of carbon -14 used is roughly 5730 years. The half-life of this carbon makes it only effective to measure or rather date historical events of up to about only 75000 years. As per this technique, it is very important to note that dating events that occurred past these years are very difficult. Therefore, a person is just limited to investigate events that occurred within th is time frame. This is very unfair since it will not give the best chronology of events in life. It becomes very difficult to give a clear chronology of events that occurred a long time ago that the carbon-14 cannot date. It is also very difficult to date wood using this method since most woods is always burnt and may be found in the form of ash. Therefore, it is very difficult to differentiate when the wood burned and the date of the wood. Thermoluminescence is another form of dating used under the same method that also has its own problems.

Office art memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Office art memo - Essay Example I take this opportunity to recommend three pieces of art from Impressionism period that will surely embellish our corporate office and they are: Rouen Cathedral in Full Sunlight by Claude Monet; Gelà ©e Blanche – Hoarfrost by Camille Pissarro; and Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge by Claude Monet. These paintings portray realism and do not touch any mythology or fantasy topics. The impressionist paintings searched intensively about the effects of color and light in nature by applying the paint in brightly colored strokes (Moffat, 2007). The paintings from the post-impressionist periods that I would like to recommend are: The Yellow Christ, 1889 by Paul Gauguin; The Thinker by Auguste Rodin; The Chà ¢teau at Mà ©dan, 1880 by Paul Cà ©zanne. Emotions, symbolism and visual imagery are the characteristics of post-impressionist works. The first one in the bunch of impressionist paintings that I would choose is ‘Rouen Cathedral in Full Sunlight’, painted by Claude Monet in 1893. It needs to be placed in the visitor’s hall so that it can remind all concerned that our company is capable to withstand the test of times just like this cathedral. Gelà ©e Blanche - Hoarfrost is the second painting among impressionist group that I would recommend. It is a painting done by Camille Pissarro in the year 1873. The painting should be placed in the conference hall where major meetings of the company held throughout the year. The third and last painting selected from the impressionists’ period is the creation of Claude Monet named Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge, 1899. The painting needs to be exhibited at project office reminding construction is the way of life. The painting helps create an environment and informs that the company’s current status is largely attributed to systematized thinking process that the company always undertakes before launching any new project. The last painting from a post-impressionist artist that I would like to

Was the Iraq War worth the human and material costs suffered by the Essay

Was the Iraq War worth the human and material costs suffered by the Allied coalition and Iraqi people - Essay Example The aforementioned suffered high costs various ways including social cost, economic cost, security cost and human cost, the most devastating of all being the human cost – it is literally breathtaking (Wallis, 2010). According to a 2004 study by the ‘Institute for Policy Studies and Foreign Policy In Focus’, between the commencement of war in March 2003 and September 22 the following year, 1,175 coalition forces lost their lives, comprising 1,040 United States’ military. Other deaths include those of contractors, civilian workers as well as missionaries, with their total estimates ranging from 50 to 90 lost lives, thirty-six of which were identified as Americans. This is in addition to uncalled for life termination of thirty innocent international Journalists, with eight of them being U.S. media companies’ workers (Antiwar.com, 2004). The study also revealed that following the U.S. invasion and subsequent occupation in Iraq, by June 16, 2004, deaths o f Iraqi civilians ranged between 9,436 and 11,317, with an estimate of 40,000 Iraqis sustaining severe injuries. This is in addition to approximately 4,895 Iraqi insurgents and soldiers who were killed during ‘major combat’ operations. There has also been a great health concern on the effects of using depleted uranium weaponry in Iraq.

Corruption in the congress Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corruption in the congress - Assignment Example Challenges facing traditional challenges have such as lack of proper audit trail, security and reliability can only be avoided when I-Voting techniques and the IT infrastructure are properly implemented. I-Voting will be part of logical evolution that is currently adopted in almost every field such as e-commerce and e-travel. I-voting will provide a good environment for the public to exercise their democratic rights and stabilize the political environment that is characterized with corruption in congress. I-Voting will make voting process much secured, reliable fast and accurate, features that are important for a nation or leadership that believes its people should play a major role in decision making process. In general, the authors believe that I-Voting will bring the required transformation in the political and democratic world. "The SAVE System -- Secure Architecture for Voting Electronically" by Selker and Goler addresses many benefits attributed to electronic voting system including the fact that it can be more inherently secure. The authors believe in a possible electronic system that can curb all the challenges and possible attacks related with traditional voting. The authors lay out an n-version type of voting system that they believe can transmit accurate and prevent outside tampering or hacking of the voting process. The authors also argue that the n-version will increase voter turnout because of electronic user interface that can enable even voters with special needs to exercise their democratic rights. This form of voting system tends to protect data and allows voters to vote in an open network enabled by its modularity and common specifications. However, the authors believe that a lot still needs to be done for a proper implementation of the system such as examining ways of providing verifiable f eedback. In general, n-version is believed by the architectures as the most